Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution Revisited in the Light of International Law

Abstract

I. Introduction
II. Rationale of Article 9 to Restrict the Use of Armed Force
III. Article 9 and Expansionism of the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty
1. Purported Restriction of the Right of Collective Self-Defense
2. Perceived Expansionism of the Right of Collective Self-Defense
IV. Article 9 and U.N. Peace Operations
1. Legality of Japan’s Participation in U.N. Peace Operations
2. Distorted Effects of Article 9 on Japan’s Participation in U.N. Peace Operations
V. Conclusion